Afyakenya.com

Resistance is growing against the strongest treatment for children with malaria in Kenya, reports the journal of Infectious Tropical Diseases.

The fixed dosed Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) syrup is regarded as the most effective paediatric drug.

Another study shows growing resistance of malaria parasites in western Cambodia to arteminisinin-based pesticides. Research in last month’s edition of New England Journal of Medicine confirms that it takes longer to clear the parasites in the blood of Cambodian patients.

In the new study, researchers studied 40 patients in western Cambodia and north-western Thailand. While it took 48 hours for the parasite to be cleared from Thai patients, clearance took 84 hours in the Cambodian patients the study showed. Infection recurrence rates were also higher in the Cambodian patients.

Its not 100 per cent resistance, but the parasites are much less sensitive or partly resistant,” lead author Arjen M Dondorp told scidev.net, an online publication on science and development. “That is very worrying because that is the big step to complete resistance.

The WHO essential medicines list is predominantly for adults. “Children cannot be treated as little adults when it comes to medicines, says Dr J L Amugada, a leading Nairobi paediatrician. Paediatric formulation are prepared according to the body weight of the child-patient and it guarantees better therapy fidelity.

Published on the Standard on 13/08/2009 By Dann Okoth

Visiting your dentist at least twice a year for check ups and cleaning can prevent many dental problems and maintain optimal oral health.Dentists deal with the prevention and treatment of diseases and malformations of the teeth, gums, and oral cavity, and the removal, correction and replacement of decayed, damaged or lost teeth.

During your visit you may encounter many terminologies but do not be intimidated. Paedodontics dentists are dedicated to the oral health of children from infancy to their teen years. Orthodontics deals with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and facial irregularities by a variety of appliances and methods, including braces, for straightening the teeth.

Periodontal (gum) disease is a serious disease that begins with bacterial growth in the mouth via plaque and calculus deposits. They destroy the attachment fibres and supporting bone that hold your teeth in place. Majority of adults have some form of disease resulting in bad breath, red swollen or bleeding gums and eventual tooth loss. They are treated by removal of plaque and calculus by scaling and other methods.

Prosthodontics is the replacement for missing teeth. Two types of dentures are available including complete — when all teeth are missing — and partial — when some natural teeth are present. Restorative dentistry involves fillings, root canals, crowns and bridges. A tooth with a cavity must be filled before the cavity gets any larger. The tooth needs to be with durable materials including silver or white fillings.

Published on the Standard on 20/08/2009 by Dr Sameer Yakub

The writer is a dentist at Aga Khan University Hospital

‘Thrush’ or ‘yeast’ is the layman’s term for vaginal candidiasis. It is caused by a yeast type of fungus called Candida Albicans that resides in the vagina, mouth and large intestines as a harmless non-paying long-term guest. Read more…

The number of
calories in food is a measure of how much potential energy the food
possesses. Your body burns these calories to release their stored
energy for its use. If you weigh 68kg, your body uses only about 1,800
calories per day to do everything you need to stay alive. Your body is
also extremely efficient at storing excess calories in the form of fat.
It takes only 3,500 excess calories to create about half a kilo of new
fat in your body.

So if you
are taking in just 500 extra calories daily, then you will gain about
half a kilo of fat per week. This is the idea behind most diets — and
most fail because they are not sustainable. When the person returns to
normal eating, the weight returns as well. What you need is a
sustainable diet and exercise plan that lets you live a normal life,
eat normal foods in a normal way and still maintain a normal and
healthy weight.

Consider food
the way you would a drug; you have to take it correctly in small doses.
Take in a slow controlled supply of nutrients and not a large dose at
once. Unfortunately, our eating habits involve imbibing large amounts
at a sitting.

Daily calorie limit

Get
a qualified nutritionist to help you do this. Start by counting the
calories you consume in a day. Build a food calorie database so that
you know, just how many calories you are taking in whenever you eat
something. Then pick your ‘ideal weight’ and calculate how many
calories a day you can consume to maintain that weight using the ‘12
calories per 0.45kg’ rule. Compare these two figures and you will be
surprised by the difference between the number of calories you need and
number of calories you take in per day.

This
is where the extra kilos are coming from. You can bring these two
numbers in line by watching and counting everything you eat and drink
every day and sticking to your daily limit. You will soon realise that
1,600, 1,800 or 2,000 calories per day is not too much.

Recording your feeding

Be
conscious of every calorie you consume by keeping a daily record of
everything you eat and drink. Cut out all calories that enter your body
through drinking by taking only water. You take in 140 calories when
you drink 300mls of orange juice but it does nothing to curb your
appetite. Eat the orange instead, which contains fewer calories, the
flesh fills you up and chewing the orange has a psychological effect on
your appetite.

Cut out empty calories like white sugar (contained in foods like cookies and cakes) and fried foods in whatever form.

Eat low-density foods

Replace
high-density foods with low-density ones. A cookie is a high-density
food and contains a lot of calories due to high sugar and fat contents.
A banana, on the other hand, is low-density food, which fills you up
without giving you as many calories. It takes many bites to eat a
banana, yet you only take in only 100 calories.

Most people would not find it hard to eat a dozen cookies — about 600 calories.
But
imagine trying to eat six bananas at one sitting — you would explode!
Yet the two contain an equal quantity of calories. Finally, add
exercise to the mix to raise the number of calories you are burning.
Burning about 500 calories per day through exercise can make a big
difference to your weight.

Fitting in exercise

In
an attempt to be fit, you join a gym and go once or twice a week. For
two hours or so, you work up a sweat and believe that you have done
something good for your health because your muscles ache after pumping
weights and you get sore all over. But is this true? The answer is no.
You need regular physical exercise on an ongoing basis and cramming an
overdose that makes us sore into two or three days is not the answer.

Exercise
for at least 30 minutes and try to exercise every day because it is
easier to remember to do something if you do it every day. Aerobic
exercise helps control your weight by increasing the number of calories
you burn in a day. Fit micro-exercises into your daily life. Instead of
taking the elevator, take the stairs. Park farther away from the
supermarket when you go shopping.

These
little things add up. Exercise with a partner. A partner will also help
make exercise a routine. Wear form-fitting clothes instead of sweats.
The tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to
accomplish.

The standard - 04/09/2009